Definition and Examples of Tautologies in English

Definition and Examples of Tautologies in English   In grammar, a tautology is a  redundancy,  in particular, the needless repetition of an idea using different words. Repetition of the same sense is tautology. Repetition of the same sound is tautophony. In rhetoric and  logic, a tautology is a statement that is unconditionally true by virtue of its form alonefor example, Youre either lying or youre not. Adjective: tautologous or tautological. Examples and Observations Here are examples of tautology in use by famous authors in their work: It took only as many minutes to find the following half-dozen examples in one days crop of papers: A major nuclear disaster could have been sparked off . . .. . . who died of a fatal dose of heroin. . . equalized the game to a 2-2 draw. . . kept it from his friends that he was a secret drinkerDirty Den has made up his mind never to go back to EastEnders, finally severing his connection with the soap . . . a group for one-parent single mothers Tautology is either unnecessary elaboration (the Inland Revenues white-collar workers), pointless repetition (pair of twins), superfluous description (Europes huge butter mountain), a needless appendage (weather conditions) or a self-cancelling proposition (He is either guilty or not guilty). (Keith Waterhouse, Waterhouse on Newspaper Style, rev. ed. Revel Barker, 2010)At the risk of being redundant and repetitive, and redundant, let me say that tautology is the last thing children need from their parents, especially when they are in trouble.Whatever you have to say, whatever you do, avoid tautology. Try to say it only once! (Tom Sturges, Parking Lot Rules 75 Other Ideas for Raising Amazing Children. Ballantine, 2009)The new public management has brought new ailments, particularly tautology. You often see such phrases as first class organizations are those that perform excellently. (David Walker, Mind Your Language. The Guardian, Sep. 27, 2006) Mark Twain on Tautological Repetition I do not find that the repetition of an important word a few timessay, three or four timesin a paragraph troubles my ear if clearness of meaning is best secured thereby. But tautological repetition which has no justifying object, but merely exposes the fact that the writers balance at the vocabulary bank has run short and that he is too lazy to replenish it from the thesaurusthat is another matter. It makes me feel like calling the writer to account. (Mark Twain, Autobiography of Mark Twain. University of California Press, 2010) Tautologies in Logic In common parlance, an utterance is usually said to be tautologous if it contains a redundancy and says the same thing twice over in different wordse.g., John is the father of Charles and Charles is a son of John. In logic, however, a tautology is defined as a statement that excludes no logical possibilitiesEither it is raining or it is not raining. Another way of putting this is to say that a tautology is true in all possible worlds. No one will doubt that, irrespective of the actual state of the weather (i.e., regardless of whether the statement that it is raining is true or false), the statement Either it is raining or it is not raining is necessarily true.(E. Nagel and J. R. Newman, Gà ¶dels Proof, 1958  A  tautology is  a statement that is logically, or necessarily, true or is so devoid of content as to be practically empty (and thus true because completely empty statements, making no claim, cannot be false). Example: Scott Peterson did it or he didnt.  (Howard Kahane and Nancy Cavender,  Logic and Contemporary Rhetoric, 10th ed. Thomson Wadsworth, 2006) Tautology. Yes, I know, its an ugly word. But so is the thing. Tautology is this verbal device which consists in defining like by like . . .. Since it is magical, it can of course only take refuge behind the argument of authority: thus do parents at the end of their tether reply to the child who keeps on asking for explanations: because thats how it is, or even better: just because, thats all. (Roland Barthes, Mythologies. Macmillan, 1972) Tautology as a Logical Fallacy One of the most boring fallacies, the tautology, basically just repeats the premise. FAN: The Cowboys are favored to win since theyre the better team.​  (Jay Heinrichs, Thank You for Arguing: What Aristotle, Lincoln, and Homer Simpson Can Teach Us About the Art of Persuasion. Three Rivers Press, 2007) Pronunciation: taw-TOL-eh-jee Also Known As: pleonasm EtymologyFrom the Greek, redundant

How to Pronounce the French Adverb Plus

How to Pronounce the French Adverb Plus The French adverb  plus  has different pronunciations, depending on how its used. Generally speaking, when  plus  has a positive meaning (e.g., more, extra, additional) it is pronounced [ploos]. When it is used as a negative adverb (meaning no more), it is usually pronounced [ploo]. A simple way to remember this is by thinking that the positive sense of the word has an extra sound, while the negative sense does not. In other words, the [s] sound is  subtracted  when the word has a  negative  meaning and  added  when it has a  positive  meaning. (Clever, right?)   This general pronunciation rule applies to  plus  when its used as an affirmative or negative adverb. When used as a comparative or superlative, the rules are somewhat different. Affirmative Adverb  [ploos] In the affirmative, Plus de means more (than) or additional Je veux plus de beurre.  I want more butter.Il y aura plus de choix demain.  There will be additional choices tomorrow.Jai plus de 1 000 livres.  I have more than 1,000 books. Negative Adverb  [ploo] On the other hand, in the negative, Ne ... plus  is a negative adverb, meaning no more or not any more Je ne le veux plus.  I dont want it anymore.   Je ne veux plus de beurre.   I dont want any more butter.   Plus de beurre, merci.** No more butter, thank you. Non plus  means neither or not ... either Je naime pas les pommes non plus.   I dont like apples either. - Je nai pas de montre.- Moi non plus  !      Ã‚  - Me neither! Ne ... plus que  means only or nothing more than Il ny a plus que miettes.   There are only crumbs (left). - Y a-t-il des pommes  ?  -Are there any apples?- Plus quune.**    - Only one Ne ... pas plus  means no more than (pretty much the same thing as  ne ... plus que) Il ny a pas plus de 3 mà ©decins.   There are no more than 3 doctors. - Puis-je emprunter un stylo  ? - Can I borrow a pen?- Je nen ai pas plus dun.      -I only have one. **Note:  There are a few expressions in which  plus  is negative without  ne, because there is no verb for  ne  to negate. Note that these are normally at the beginning of a clause: Plus besoin (de)  - (theres) no more need (to/of)Plus de   noun - (theres) no more nounPlus maintenant  - not any more, not any longerPlus que   noun - (there are) only ___ more In addition, the  ne  is often omitted in spoken, informal French (learn more). This is when pronouncing or not pronouncing the [s] is most important. If you say  Je veux plus [ploo] de beurre, someone may very well think you mean you dont want any more butter. This is actually how you can learn the difference between the two pronunciations. You are eating breakfast and ask,  Y a-t-il plus [ploo] de beurre  ?  and the woman replies,  Mais si, si  !  (yes in response to a  negative question). You should have asked  Y a-t-il plus [ploos] de beurre? Comparative/Superlative Adverb Plus  as a comparative or superlative adverb is the exception to the above rules. When the comparative or superlative  plus  is in the middle of a sentence, it is pronounced [ploo], unless it precedes a vowel, in which case the  liaison  causes it to be pronounced [plooz]. When  plus  is at the end of a sentence, as in the final example, it is pronounced [ploos]. Plus ... que  or  plus ... de  indicates superiority in  comparatives  and can compare   adjectives   Je suis plus  grand  quelle.  Im taller than she is. adverbs   Je cours plus  vite  quelle.   I run faster than she does. nouns   Jai plus damis  quelle.   I have more friends than she does. verbs   Je  cours  plus quelle.  I run more than she does. Le plus  or  le plus de  indicates superiority in  superlatives  and can compare adjectives   Je suis le plus  grand  Ãƒ ©tudiant.  Im the tallest student. adverbs   Je cours le plus  vite.   I run the fastest. nouns   Jai le plus damis.   I have the most friends. verbs   Je  cours  le plus.   I run the most.

Self Efficacy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Self Efficacy - Research Paper Example Before I was incarcerated, I had just finished college and I felt I had my whole life ahead of me, I was supremely confident and proud of my considerable academic achievements. I considered myself an objective person and was always focused on bettering my skills abilities as well as social life, despite the fact that I had several offers from leading companies, I was in view of setting out on my own with my friends to start a company. While I was aware of the fact that being employed was a safer bet, I was determined to start life on my own terms, the challenges of being entrepreneurs seemed like something I could handle and overcome. When faced with challenges, people with law self-efficacy often back down and give up (Bandura, 1993) I was the exact opposite, challenges spurred me into more action and strengthened my resolve. As I said, the world was at my feet, I was determined I would make my first million before my college mates who had gone onto formal employment had paid off th eir collage loans. My two partners shared my optimism, but they often thought me too ambitious, however, within the within two years, they came to appreciate my confidence and I rubbed of them. We designed, created, and sold software and thanks intellectual effort, combined talent as well as several calculated risks, we were had several solid contracts and money was coming in regularly if not comfortably. In a way I believe my high sense of self-worth; propelled by my success slowly turning into arrogance and a feeling of invincibility, what more, I could not bear to loose and would often bend and even break the law. In my quest to land us a contract, I had found out that the main competitor was an old rival from college, working for a competing firm, and decided that I would get it by all means. I started by befriending one of the managers in the firm where we had applied for the contract. I even subtly suggested in one of our private meetings that if my firm got the contract, I wo uld make it worth his while; this was the mistake that brought down my career. Initially he was reluctant and even appeared offended, I thought I might have gone too far but when he agreed to a second meeting, I threw caution to the wind, in my mind, my charm and convincing attitude had won him over. The truth is he had reported my conduct and had received instructions to lead me on, but I was too blind to see this, he talked about how he was having money problems and mentioned he was in the committee dealing with our contract. I took the bait and mentioned a figure, and he agreed, three days later as I handed him the money in a brown envelop in the same restaurant we met on the first day, and I was arrested. Admittedly this was not the first time I had done such a thing, but what I did not know is that the authorities had been investigating me and when the manager reported me, they came in for the kill. Efficacy works both ways; one is not only confident on their abilities and capa city for success indeed while research has often pointed to self-efficacy being related to convectional purists and positive development even criminal traits benefit from the same. I pleaded guilty, and cut a deal with the prosecution to, so my partners would not be involved since they were very ignorant of my activities, my efficacy was still intact, as I blamed no one but myself. However, in prison I had time to think and reflect on my actions and motivation, I realized my arrogance and ambition had been

New York fashion week Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

New York fashion week - Essay Example Designers came up with events and conferences that were economical and aimed at reaching the people in the crucial time of the economic drop, giving them options that would help save. Further, they took to options that would help them cut out on runway costs or other organizing costs. Some of the events that have been part of the New York fashion week aimed at cutting down on costs, economizing and bringing to their audience what they are sure to receive with delight, technology. The costs of the show that would usually go up to $750,000 had been cut down and designers have gone economy friendly, however, not forsaking the striking patters, designs and beauty of the clothing range. In the current fashion scenario, simple and breathtaking are the two words often complimenting each other in collections that have been popular and sought after. The collections that are more wearable and simple in design still contain the glam and beauty that a more expensive and complicated array of fash ion clothing would hold. The birds collection by Andrew Holdes turned out to be a combination of just this. The colors were solid, the designs simple, angled and interesting. The collection included clothes with modern silhouettes that combined classic British tailoring with enduring American work wear, the most sought after style in the current season. Green jackets were cropped, corduroy vests with shawl collars paired with huge scarves as leather trimming and epaulets were added to other pieces.

International Trade and Comparative Advantage Essay Example for Free

International Trade and Comparative Advantage Essay ? In spite of the strong theoretical case that can be made for free international trade, every country in the world has erected at least some barriers to trade. Trade restrictions are typically undertaken in an effort to protect companies and workers in the home economy from competition by foreign firms. A protectionist policy is one in which a country restricts the importation of goods and services produced in foreign countries. The India, for example, uses protectionist policies to limit the quantity of foreign- produced sugar coming into country. In general, protectionist policies imposed for a particular good always reduce its supply, raise its price, and reduce the equilibrium quantity. Protection often takes the form of an import tax or a limit on the amount that can be imported, but it can also come in the form of voluntary export restrictions and other barriers. Tariff rates on dutiable imports have fallen dramatically over the course of history. A tariff is a tax on imported goods and services. A tariff raises the cost of selling imported goods. It thus shifts the supply curve for goods to the left. The price of the protected good rises and the quantity available to consumers falls. Protectionist policies reduce the quantities of foreign goods and services supplied to the country that imposes the restriction. As a result, such policies shift the supply curve to the left for the good or service whose imports are restricted. In the case shown, the supply curve shifts to S2, the equilibrium price rises to P2, and the equilibrium quantity falls to Q2. One of the most common protectionist measures now in use is the antidumping proceeding. A domestic firm, faced with competition by a foreign competitor, files charges with its government that the foreign firm is dumping, or charging an unfair price. Under rules spelled out in international negotiations that preceded approval of the World Trade Organization, an unfair price was defined as a price below production cost or below the price the foreign firm charges for the same good in its own country. While these definitions may seem straightforward enough, they have proven to be quite troublesome. A quota is a direct restriction on the total quantity of a good or service that may be imported during a specified period. Quotas restrict total supply and therefore increase the domestic price of the good or service on which they are imposed. Quotas generally specify that an exporting countrys share of a domestic market may not exceed a certain limit. In some cases, quotas are set to raise the domestic price to a particular level. A quota restricting the quantity of a particular good imported into an economy shifts the supply curve to the left, as in. It raises price and reduces quantity. An important distinction between quotas and tariffs is that quotas do not increase costs to foreign producers; tariffs do. In the short run, a tariff will reduce the profits of foreign exporters of a good or service. A quota, however, raises price but not costs of production and thus may increase profits. Because the quota imposes a limit on quantity, any profits it creates in other countries will not induce the entry of new firms that ordinarily eliminates profits in perfect competition. Voluntary export restrictions are a form of trade barrier by which foreign firms agree to limit the quantity of goods exported to a particular country. Although such restrictions are called voluntary, they typically are agreed to only after pressure is applied by the country whose industries they protect. A voluntary export restriction works precisely like an ordinary quota. It raises prices for the domestic product and reduces the quantity consumed of the good or service affected by the quota. It can also increase the profits of the firms that agree to the quota because it raises the price they receive for their products. In addition to tariffs and quotas, measures such as safety standards, labeling requirements, pollution controls, and quality restrictions all may have the effect of restricting imports. Many restrictions aimed at protecting consumers in the domestic market create barriers as a purely unintended, and probably desirable, side effect. These standards tend to discourage the import of foreign goods, but their primary purpose appears to be to protect consumers from harmful chemicals, not to restrict trade. But other nontariff barriers seem to serve no purpose other than to keep foreign goods out. The conceptual justification for free trade is one of the oldest arguments in economics; there is no disputing the logic of the argument that free trade increases global production, worldwide consumption, and international efficiency. But critics stress that the argument is a theoretical one. In the real world, they say, there are several arguments that can be made to justify protectionist measures. One argument for trade barriers is that they serve as a kind of buffer to protect fledgling domestic industries. The desire to maintain existing jobs threatened by foreign competition is probably the single most important source of todays protectionist policies. Some industries that at one time had a comparative advantage are no longer among the worlds lowest-cost producers; they struggle to stay afloat. Cost cutting leads to layoffs, and layoffs lead to demands for protection. The model of international trade in perfect competition suggests that trade will threaten some industries. As countries specialize in activities in which they have a comparative advantage, sectors in which they do not have this advantage will shrink. Maintaining those sectors through trade barriers blocks a nation from enjoying the gains possible from free trade. A further difficulty with the use of trade barriers to shore up employment in a particular sector is that it can be an enormously expensive strategy. That shifts the supply curve slightly to the left, raising prices for countries consumers and reducing their consumer surplus. The loss to consumers is the cost per job saved. One reason often given for the perceived need to protect Indian workers against free international trade is that workers must be protected against cheap foreign labor. This is an extension of the job protection argument in the previous section. From a theoretical point of view, of course, if foreign countries can produce a good at lower cost than we can, it is in our collective interest to obtain it from them. But workers counter by saying that the low wages of foreign workers means that foreign workers are exploited. This objection, however, fails to recognize that differences in wage rates generally reflect differences in worker productivity. Further, we have seen that what matters for trade is comparative advantage, not comparative labor costs. When each nation specializes in goods and services in which it has a comparative advantage measured in the amounts of other goods and services given up to produce them then world production, and therefore world consumption, rises. By definition, each nation will have a comparative advantage in something. Exports restrictions are the limitations on the goods and services exported to foreign country by the government. These limitations are imposed to prevent a shortage of goods in the domestic market when it is more profitable to export. As a part of foreign policy for a example as a competent of trade sanctions. Government also promotes exports by making following incentives policies under EXIM policy like Duty Entitlement Passbook (DEPB), Export Promotion Capital Goods, Special Economic Zones (SEZ’s) etc.

Comparing the Ideology of Lenin and Stalin Essay examples -- Lenin vs

Compare and contrast the ideologies and the political and economic practice of Lenin and Stalin. Every state is based upon and driven by some ideology. Imperial Russia was based upon autocratic absolutism for over 400 years. Following the Bolshevik seizure of power in 1917, a new era dawned upon Russia. For the next 36 years she would be in the hands of two men that would attempt to apply a new, vastly different creed in ruling and transforming this country. Vladimir Ilich Lenin, as the leader of the Bolshevik party, ruled Russia from October 1917 till his death in January 1924. He was succeeded by Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin, who also ruled until his death in March 1953. Both men claimed to ascribe to the broad ideology of Socialism and Marxism; both were to develop their own versions -- later to be called Leninism and Stalinism; both were to attempt to practically apply their respective ideologies whilst attempting to deal with a plethora of prevailing conditions such as internal resistance and civil war, economic collapse and foreign invasion. This paper will examine the sim ilarities and differences between both the ideologies, and the actual economic and political practice, of Lenin and Stalin's beliefs. A significant historiographical issue to be aware of in the comparison of Lenin and Stalin is that between the two, Lenin was by far the greater political theorist and ideologue and yet had much less effective time, 6 years, to put his ideas into practice . Stalin on the other hand, was much more a man of action who produced comparatively far less written material, but who exercised his power for almost 30 years. Also Lenin had the unique opportunity to oversee the installation of a new order from scratch whereas Stalin... ...actice were the 5 year plans, collectivization and industrialization. In November 1929, Stalin published an article called The Great Turn. His main argument was that for the USSR to move into the modern age she had to industrialize and the agrarian problem had to be solved once and for all. His solution was to collectivize all agriculture and to destroy the "kulaks" as a class. Over the next six years the Russian and Soviet peoples endured a holocaust comparable to that suffered by the Jews in World War 2, one that would cost over 5 million lives. The language Stalin used was as evil as any denunciation of the Jews by Hitler: "To take the offensive against the kulaks means to deal the kulak class such a blow that it will no longer rise to its feet†¦Of course the kulak can't be admitted to a collective farm. He can't because he's an accursed enemy†¦"

Possitive and Negative Influences on Growth and Development Essay

Income is the money that comes into the home. This could be paid through employment, savings, and investments or from benefits that will be paid by the government if a person is unemployed or who have a disability. Expenditure is money spent to provide for everyday living needs, the amount of expenditure is determined through household income. Positive If you have a high income it allows you better choices of housing, diet, education, health services and transport. Having a higher income will lead to a higher expenditure, having this it will lead to a better life style. Accommodation will be more sufficient and there will less chance of health risks, this will amount to a better quality living. Affording to pay for health care such as private care or just being able to afford for medication if you fall ill. If you have a more wealthy expenditure you will have a better source of food and more opportunities for fresh products and less processed foods. More extravagant food such as rich foods and wines are affordable and are a good boost. Being able to afford transport will allow an adult the ability to get to and from places such as further education. A steady income will produce less stress and worry if everything is under control. Negative Being able to afford heating bills will prevent illnesses such as respiratory problems, this will be caused to lack of heating and this will amount to increase in damp. Unnecessary household problems from lack of income can cause debt. More processed foods will be in the diet as they are a lot cheaper than fresh fruit and vegetables for example. Health will plummet dramatically if sufficient heating and health care is not in place. Heart attacks, stress and depression are all part of having an unhealthy life style. Having a low income makes it difficult to get about; using public transport or walking tends to be the only option, so to take part in further education it may be difficult and will put a lot of lower income family off going into further education. Housing Housing is important to every person. It is where you live and a place to make memories.

Long-Term Planning

â€Å"Pay yourself first† is a standard commitment device used by financial planners seeking to encourage disciplined saving and budgeting; it is also the principle underlying US payroll-deduction 401(k) plans. These plans are one of the most successful commitment devices in current use, and they are formulated such that contributions are automatically deducted from workers' pay before the money can be spent. As such, saving in 401(k)-type plans would be best for my personal situation, as participation rates in 401(k)-type plans, where payroll deduction is the norm, are at least four times as high as for Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) (Mitchell and Utkus, 2004), where structured payroll deductions are uncommon. Additionally, I am given the liberty to exert some control over how my money is invested (subject to some constraints), and receive the risk and reward for those investments. Since my tax rate when I retire would be presumably higher than my tax rate before retirement, I would likewise be better off with a Roth IRA than a traditional IRA because I won’t have to pay tax on my withdrawals at the higher rates. I can withdraw the money I contributed to a Roth IRA penalty-free anytime, since I already paid tax on it so the government would not care. Since I would not probably need my money I invested in Roth IRA for at least five years from now, my money will be tax-free on withdrawal. The catch is that I cannot know for sure what my tax rate would be when I retire, but I can find several online calculators that will help me compare results with a Roth IRA versus traditional IRA. Further, the new Roth IRA provisions apply even if I am covered under my employer’s retirement program. Lastly, the SEP proves to be a promising retirement plan based on my personal situation. Although the SEP is an employer-provided retirement plan, record-keeping and tax reporting are simplified, a plus factor for me. The higher limit in a SEP makes this plan as attractive as the profit-sharing plan, but easier and less costly to administer, which are two of my foremost criteria when choosing a fitting retirement plan for myself. WORK CITED Mitchell, O. & Utkus, S. (Eds.). (2004). Pension Design and Structure: New Lessons from Behavioral Finance. Oxford, England

Changing economies essays

Changing economies essays The mentality of todays worker focuses on not only providing what is necessary to survive for their own life as well as that of their family, but also thrives for a life of luxury and comfort. Society today is based upon principles that promote a strong work ethic that buys us comfort and satisfaction. A capitalistic society, spawned by a growth of industry and a driven force of consumers, is one that encourages luxury and self-fulfillment through material items. On the other end of the spectrum there exists a society of which a person accustomed to the life of free trade and open markets can barely comprehend. This is a life of self-sufficiency, a life in which a community may only produce what is absolutely necessary for survival. This is the self-reliant society where there is nothing to enjoy, the only goal in life is to merely stay alive. There is no surplus, there is no currency used as a means of trade, nor does this society have any consumers trading as they please. Free and open markets are considered to be the key elements in our current time of prosperity. One who is accustomed to such a life of luxury and wealth potential may find it difficult to understand a life of a worker during the medieval ages in Europe. This is a life of necessity, one in which an individual is not concerned with material wealth and general luxury; rather the concern is survival. Fundamentally, when comparing two different economies such as the current capitalistic economy with the economy of medieval Europe, the main representation must be expressed through understanding the life and mentality of the average worker. In an economy based on necessity, life is without luxury. There is neither a significant surplus of physical product nor is there a surplus of material holdings or wealth. On the contrary, a capitalistic society is based on entrepreneurship and the drive of the individual to reach a peak of financial wealth; in other word...

My Life Timeline Activity for Kids

My Life Timeline Activity for Kids History is sometimes a hard concept for kids to grasp- not that events happened, but that they happened to real people and that to those people it wasnt history, it was the present. One of the best activities to help show your child the idea of being a part of history is to help him create My Life Timeline depicting their history and accomplishments. Note:  One thing to remember as you tackle this activity is that a child who was adopted may find this activity a little difficult, but there are ways to adapt it to make it more general. Instead of focusing on everything that happened from the time when your child was born and beyond, think about using less specific terms, like past and present. That way your child can decide what events in his â€Å"past† are of importance to him without feeling pressured to know the details of what happened in the time before he was adopted. What Your Child Will Learn (or Practice) Your child will get a sense of historical perspective while practicing sequencing and expository writing skills. Materials Needed: Roll of butcher paper  or some pieces of paper taped together to create a strip about 6 to 10 feet long.Pencils, a ruler, and markers.Pair of scissorsGlue or tapeIndex cardsPhotos commemorating events of your child’s lifetime. (They don’t have to be big events, just a good selection of photos that span his lifetime.) Starting a My Life Timeline Provide your child with some index cards and ask him to help you think about some moments in his life that are most important or memorable to him. Start by having him write his date of birth on an index card. Tell him what day of the week he was born on and the time if you know it, and ask him to add that information to the index card, too. Then, have him label the card with a phrase like Today, I was born!Challenge him to think of other days in his life that were important in his personal history. Prompt him to think about things like brothers or sisters being born, first days of school and family vacations. Ask him to write down the events and their descriptions, one on each index card, without worrying about whether they are in order.Complete this process up to the present day. The last card might say, Made a My Life Timeline.When he’s done coming up with events, have him place all the index cards the floor or on a table. Now, ask him to sequence the events according to whe n they happened, starting with the oldest (his birth date) on the left and working toward the most recent on the right. If your child is having trouble remember which events came before others, you can help him identify when something happened. Providing him with the month and year will be a big help in putting his personal history in order.Look through the photos together to try to find one to match each index card, but don’t stress if there isn’t one. Your child can always hand illustrate an event. Putting Together a My Life Timeline Lay the piece of butcher paper down on a hard work surface (the floor works best).Help your child use the ruler to draw a horizontal line in the middle of the paper from one end to the other.Start at the left end of the paper and draw a small line upward (vertically) from the middle of the paper. This mark will represent the day your child was born. Have him write his birth date above that line. Then ask him to make a similar line at the very end of the paper, writing today’s date and a little bit about himself and his life today.Have him place the index cards- in order- between those two dates, making a small line to connect each card to the line in the middle of the paper.Ask him to match the photos with the events and put each one below the correct index card (under the line on the paper). Glue or tape the pictures and index cards in place.Let your child decorate the timeline, trace the information he’s written with markers and then tell you his personal history!

Motivation Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Motivation Plan - Essay Example A team becomes one because of the diversity exhibited by the numerous members. However, in order to achieve success, the members must use their diverse features to unify and improve the performance of the group towards the attainment of the goals and objectives of the group. To achieve such, the group requires an effective leader. One who does not only motivate but also compels the members to commit to the activities of the group. Team C has just such a perfect leader. Elected democratically by all the group members, the group leader thus exhibits the diversity portrayed by members in the democratic process. The group leader unifies the group owing to his democratic election. Additionally, he enjoys the authority to summon members thus improve the accountability required by the group members. With such, the leader becomes a directional and unifying force capable of centering the group’s energy towards the attainment of specific goals. While the leader enjoys great autonomy and control to the group, the members influence his actions and decisions. He consults great with the members a feature that improves a sense of belonging of the members into the group. The group members influence the decisions that run the group. They own the decision since they generate them. The leader thus simply unifies the energies of the group towards the completion of any one task before proceeding to the next. Such a feature earns the members trust and indulgence in the group’s activities owing to the fact that the members generate the ideas thus determines the nature of the completion of the works. As discussed earlier, for the group to function seamlessly and attain specific goals and objectives, the members require appropriate motivation. The group leader must therefore motivate the group members and ensure that he unifies them towards the attainment of specific objectives. The leader is the primary motivational factor in the group. He unifies all the group members b y determining their actions. Through his active and passionate involvement with the activities of the group, the leader motivates other members to work equally as hard. The leader must exhibit a quality of charisma capable of manipulating the strengths and weaknesses of the members. He must use such to commit members to the tasks of the group by establishing a way of earning the trust and commitment of each member into the group. The members possess diverse features that are both weaknesses and strengths in diverse measures. The leader must effortlessly find ways of suppressing the weaknesses in the members while fostering the strengths thus encouraging the active participation of the members into the team (Duck, 2006). The group members on the other hand have a moral obligation to participate in the activities of the group equally. This implies that their active participation is primary if the group is to succeed. They must exhibit the natural drive and motivation to participate by either helping the leader make decision or by implementing the decisions made by the leader. Their participation in the election of the leader earns the leader the authority over them. They therefore have the moral obligation to obey and implement the decisions made by their leader. Respect and submission to the leader is a prerogative to the success of the group’s activities. Teamwork dictates that each member suppresses their individual interests and prioritizes the interest of the group. This implies tha

Culture Shock and Poor Adjustment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Culture Shock and Poor Adjustment - Essay Example The discussion can be put into perspective by considering the altering trends in the pantheon of cultural research. In the 19th century, the problem of cultural group independence was introduced for the first time by Sir Francis Galton in his work over correlation (Bird and Fang, 2009, p. 139). Galton stated that the cultural groups could not be considered entirely independent of each other because of the strong relationships created by the processes of cultural transfusion. As a result, the focus of research became cultures in toto and little work was done to draw comparisons across cultures. During the 1950s, the cultural change had attracted a lot of scholarly attention which led to the evolution of cultural ecology as a response to the natural environment (Steward, 1955). During the 1970s, there occurred rapid theoretical development in the field of anthropology’s cultural research. Keesing (1974) differentiated between the ideational theory of culture in which culture is visualized as the structural, symbolic, and cognitive systems, and the ecological theory of culture in which culture is visualized as an adaptive system. Efforts were made to deal with the complex matter of culture by â€Å"cutting . . . the culture concept down to size†¦[into] a narrowed, specialized, and†¦theoretically more powerful concept†.In order to understand the effect of internationalization of the telecommunications organization that is currently based in the UK, there is need to explore the country differences in the culture of organizations. â€Å"The effect size of country at the individual and organization levels, while not expected to be the same, is expected to be related, if it is accepted that differences in individual level characteristics (e.g. cultural values) of organizational members do, to some degree, translate into organization level differences in culture† (Gerhart, 2008, p. 264). Nelson and Gopalan (2003) conducted a large-scale mu lti-country research to measure the organization culture. To achieve this, they collected the data of a total of 288 organizations based in three countries with very different cultures i.e. India, the United States, and Brazil. The researchers first obtained the organization culture profiles for each of the three countries and then determined the extent to which the cultures complied with the national culture profiles for the countries from which the organizations were selected. Nelson and Gopalan (2003) found that the culture of 79 per cent of the organizations was not isomorphic with their respective national cultures of the countries. Another research on the country based differences in